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Charity vs. Justice

Last year, a friend and I were arguing about health care. I was arguing that everyone was entitled to health care, and he was arguing that no one was entitled to health care. In an attempt to expose what he believed to be liberal hypocrisy, he told me that I should pay for his health insurance, since at the time he could not afford health insurance himself. This type of argument often happens when liberals and conservatives debate. 

"If you love poor people so much, why don't you give all your money to them?" says the conservative.

"If you hate government so much, why don't you stop driving on public roads and using public parks," responds the liberal.

This continues until the lunch room or family room is entirely cleared of sensible people.  It's not unlike media punditry in that way.

However, our exchange highlighted something that I think many people miss — there is a huge difference between charity and justice.  My friend thinks that because I believe in justice (enacting social policy that is fair and equally applied to everyone) that I should be willing to take on any case of charity (a one-way act of benevolence).

There's a simple reason I don't give all my money to poor people: one person giving away all their money doesn't really help to reduce poverty all that much. It will temporarily help a few poor people, which is good. But without structural changes in how resources are distributed, its main effect will be to make the person who gave away all their money less able to influence society in ways that would help everyone.

More importantly, it is charity, not justice. Charity is a good thing a lot of the time, but it is not an unmitigated good. Too often, it is demeaning to the receiver and provides the giver unwarranted feelings of superiority. Charity depends on the whims of those who have money, and on other people's access to them, which is not a very effective way to provide justice in the world. Charity merely allows those with power to grant favors to those without power, without really challenging the basic inequity of power.

As St. Augustine said 1500 years ago, "Charity is no substitute for justice withheld." In fact, it often gets in the way of justice, because it allows those in power to wipe their hands from larger problems, pointing out that, after all, they gave money to a friend of theirs. Justice is taking the decision out of the hands of the powerful, and guaranteeing that everyone be provided basic protections, rights, and material well-being. Justice needs a social policy that will require all people to abide by their social responsibilities. It does not depend on random and sporadic charity.

This is a good thing, because you don't want justice to depend on charity being doled out by someone like me. I'm too biased. For example, if I decided to offer my benevolence to someone, like my friend for his health-care, it would be according to my own criteria. The problem for my friend here is that I have a bias against giving my money to those who advocate for the most powerful in society against the least powerful. My biases matter when it is "my" money.

I believe a great and civilized nation should provide basic, universal health care for its citizens. But such a policy should not be subject to my own personal bias, because tax dollars come from everyone. So, public policy should dictate that you can't discriminate against anyone based on political beliefs, religion, skin color, sexual orientation, personality defects, or even against those who don't agree that they should be getting health care from tax dollars.

Of course, some good can be accomplished when individuals act for causes out of conviction and compassion. It extends even beyond charity. For example, it feels good to reduce your carbon footprint. It's admirable for a responsible business owner to pay living wages to his or her employees. It's great to provide immediate shelter to a homeless person. I pat myself on the back when I'm responsible and enjoy feeling morally righteous for a little while. 

But most individual acts of kindness don't help solve the underlying problem. Social justice ensures the common good in a way that charity does not. Only a social policy that dictates that everyone do their part does justice have some teeth. There will always be a need for charity, as there will always be people who fall through the cracks. But if we truly care about the common good, we need to reflect it with social policy.

 

 

 

11 comments

username

Betsi

#1

I must respectfully disagree with this comparison, because I believe that true justice at work is, in itself, an act of charity.  It does not treat us all the same way, because what would work to put one person on his or her feet would actually handicap or spoil another.

Justice, like charity, can only be truly achieved on a case-by-case basis, because it takes into account the individual’s specific needs, abilities and other uniquenesses.  And it still manages to treat each of us better than what we really deserve or could hope to “earn” in our lifetimes.
For example, say right now I owe you a column (which I do), and I promised to deliver it by a certain date (which I didn’t).  And say that I should have given it to you by now but haven’t (also true)...if I had certain extenuating circumstances that prevented me from submitting the column (say an illness or death in the family), you’d treat me differently than if I just procrastinated and didn’t feel like turning it in.  Or if I’ve just had writer’s block and don’t want to turn in a bad column (which is the case here). 

In any of the above cases, enforcing a strict policy that treats everyone equally (“I will not publish anything submitted a day late,“ or “I will consider publishing only columns submitted within a week after the deadline”) might be considered justice, and well within your rights.  But to my mind, refraining from establishing a policy allows much more freedom for individual judgment according to the situation, which gives both of us more dignity and creative license for finding agreeable solutions.

This isn’t to say that the government doesn’t bear responsibility in terms of what it enacts and enforces on its citizens…but, having been on hold with the unemployment office a few times in the last few years, I’ve learned that it all depends who you end up on the phone with whether you get what you are  “entitled to” through the system.  And since the person can’t see my face or get to know me, he or she doesn’t necessarily feel the need to be charitable OR just.

In other words, discrimination still happens on a systemic level; it’s just well-shrouded within government agencies, in my humble opinion.  I shudder to think of handing the health care system over to those people…I can’t imagine that simply throwing more money at the system is going to make them easier to deal with.
Plus, as the opportunity for individual generosity is multiplied many times over, those who strive to give everything they have away generally find it impossible…it all seems to come back in spades.  And I think that really does carry widespread influence, even though it isn’t always evident.

username

Hello

#2

And I think everyone deserves good music. You disagree. Your evil. How can yu possibly deny people the right to good music. Oh you say we don’t deserve it. Maybe we don’t deserve our ears then either! Sheesh.
That’s why I hope my party in Washington pushes forward this new great music intiative. We will all pool our taxes together, and let our elected officials decide how what and who we will listen to. Don’t worry there will be thousands of bands, so you’ll have plenty to chose from. And with the state of the music industry today (this analogy really works because pretty much every facet of the economy is fucked!), it can’t possibly be any worse.
One thing is true no matter how you slice it. SOMETHING needs to change. At least my political party has a PLAN to fix music. All your party does is oppose me, and celebrate, rather than deny a multi-front war is going on. To the folks in Washington - Make my music better!!! NOW!!!

Dan Schreiber avatar featured_post

Dan Schreiber

#3

Ah, but Betsi, we have already given a lot of health care over to “those people” in the form of Medicare. We already have a government run health insurance program that people are overwhelmingly happy with. 
And yes, everyone’s needs are different, but everyone’s right’s should be the same. People need to ride the bus to different places, but everyone should have the right to sit at the front on the bus. 
You are right that there will always be some discrimination based on who actually runs a program. But at least with a public program there is a legal and democratic avenue for redress.  With private charity, discrimination on who to provide services for is perfectly legal. Private charities can refuse service to anyone for any reason, or for example, make people sit through sermons before providing services.
My main point is that if we truly care about the common good, we would develop public policy to address it for everyone.  Relying on charity for things like health-care is turning our back on the problem as a society, because charity is never enough to ensure universal coverage.

P. Gregory Springer avatar featured_post

P. Gregory Springer

#4

Forget it, Dan.  It’s Chinatown.  People don’t care.  They say they care, but they really don’t.  They can’t sacrifice.  Not really.  It’s like the rich young ruler in the New Testament.  He couldn’t bear to let go of what he owned. 
And it is racism, just as the Chief was a hugely racist image.  People never accepted that they had a single racist bone in their bodies.  But they do.   Bush and gang did bad stuff.  Obama and gang are hated simply for what they are.  You only have to listen to five minutes of Glenn Beck to understand that.  You’re never going to convince people to change their minds.
Forget it, Jake.  It’s the system.  It’s Capitalism.

P. Gregory Springer avatar featured_post

P. Gregory Springer

#5

Betsi was put on hold a couple of times to the unemployment office, so she’s willing to let millions of her countrymen go without health care.  I’ve heard similar rationalizations again and again.  No wonder that in Europe and Canada and every developed country they just think we are insane, deluded, and cruel.
I haven’t had health insurance in years.  I was denied for a pre-existing condition that has since been shown not to exist at all.  So I’m just waiting for the government plan to kick in when I’m 65.

Rob McColley avatar featured_post

Rob McColley

#6

G: your criticism of Betsi aims at the wrong target. Nothing she writes seeks to deny health care.
 
Doctors, nurses and lab analysts do health care. Form-filers do paperwork.
 
For some reason the government seeks to create a health insurance bureaucracy. Why not just provide health care?
 
“Single payer” is fine, if awkwardly worded. Allow competition from anyone who thinks s/he can compete against a monolith. 
 
But “public option” just means an insurance organization competing with other insurance organizations. Whatever competition/savings that might create, it’s still just middle men ... bureaucrats. Not one of them heals any body.
 
The insurance business is about actuarial likelihoods. For our purposes (charitable or just) does it matter whether only 1 in 300,000 people gets a certain disease? Or is it important that each person who gets the disease receives medical care?
 
Dan, I agree with you if
 
“public policy should dictate that you can’t discriminate against anyone based on political beliefs, religion, skin color, sexual orientation, personality defects”
 
intended to say
 
“universal health care should not be withheld from anyone based on political beliefs, religion, skin color, sexual orientation, personality defects”
 
Political beliefs, religion and personality defects are excellent reasons to discriminate.
 
I assume every single person who reads this column—and any opinion column—desires to gather information/tools for use in making discriminating choices.

P. Gregory Springer avatar featured_post

P. Gregory Springer

#7

As I said, I’m not arguing this any more.  And I agree, Rob, that nothing Betsi said “seeks to deny health care.“  But it is the net effect.  Nobody will claim they’re against health care, just as nobody wanted to deny black people equal rights in the 60s.  They just wanted to wait a little bit longer.

Rob McColley avatar featured_post

Rob McColley

#8

1. No one needs health insurance.
 
2. Everyone needs health care.
 
 
But, by supporting the concept of “reform” no matter the fine print, here’s what we’ve come to: the very worst possible “solution.“

username

I don't wanna be cruel but..

#9

Springer - Its racism, elitism, societal selfishness, and capitalism for why people don’t agree with Obama’s health care. That’s what you think. Seriously. If you aren’t a satisfied American liberal you’re one of those things. Seriously.
Your equating 60’s civil rights with todays health care debate. Seriously. You don’t think people have legitimite concerns with the plan. They’re racist. Seriously. Well dude, it probably means nothing to you, but at least you got me outta yer hair now. Good Luck!

Dan Schreiber avatar featured_post

Dan Schreiber

#10

Well of course it is societal selfishness, cruel.  48 million people can’t afford health insurance. The people against reform say they don’t want to spend money on the problem, or they tell us their fear of government is so irrational that they’d rather not have reform than allow even a watered-down medicare-like insurance option.
 
What those against reform have not done is come up with a plan that covers everyone. They have not come up with a plan where people don’t die or go bankrupt because they get sick with curable ailments. Every other industrial nation in the world has managed to do this.
 
Absolutely it is societal selfishness that has got us here, and it’s what keeps us stuck in the mud trying to go forward.

P. Gregory Springer avatar featured_post

P. Gregory Springer

#11

I have hated the idea of required health insurance since I first heard of it.  And being fined for not having it is capitalist madness.  I think health care may indeed be Obama’s Waterloo, as the hateful Republicans gleefully hoped.  But I still have hope.  I still want to imagine that Obama is working it somehow.  Certainly, he has put his eggs in this basket and I wish him well.  Something bad may pass in order that something better may evolve from it. 
 
I remember the civil rights battles of the 60s.  I remember how people right here in central Illinois resisted Martin Luther King, called him a communist, and—never claiming to be in any way at all racist—denied equal rights because it was “too soon” and people—other people, of course, not themselves—weren’t ready.  This angry and heated battle over health care indeed strikes me as much the same in many ways and with a class and race element that cannot be denied, too.
And because I earn and have so incredibly little money—none, really, I live on air like the lilies of the field—it is completely out of the question that I could purchase health insurance, no matter how little it costs.  If that is the plan that is passed, I am sure there will be a special provision for people who earn as little as I do.  I have not much to either gain or lose by this battle. I just believe it is right for a nation as rich as this one to be able to provide for the health of its citizens.
At least, that is what Obama claims he is trying to do.  The Republicans never came within a country mile of making any such claim.  They’re all about profit and power and always have been.


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